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Research Papers / Clinical Trials

Cannabidiol modulates serotonergic transmission and reverses both allodynia and anxiety-like behavior in a model of neuropathic pain.

Oromucosal delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol/cannabidiol for neuropathic pain associated with multiple sclerosis: an uncontrolled, open-label, 2-year extension trial.

Cannabidiol, neuroprotection and neuropsychiatric disorders.

Multiple mechanisms involved in the large-spectrum therapeutic potential of cannabidiol in psychiatric disorders.

Potential of Cannabidiol for the Treatment of Viral Hepatitis.

The endocannabinoid system and liver diseases.

Cannabinoids and the kidney: effects in health and disease.

Neurological Aspects of Medical Use of Cannabidiol.

Cannabinoids: novel medicines for the treatment of Huntington’s disease.

Acute administration of cannabidiol in vivo suppresses ischaemia-induced cardiac arrhythmias and reduces infarct size when given at reperfusion.

Effect of sublingual application of cannabinoids on intraocular pressure: a pilot study.

Cannabis use in patients with fibromyalgia: effect on symptoms relief and health-related quality of life.

The Consumption of Cannabis by Fibromyalgia Patients in Israel.

Endocannabinoid system participates in neuroendocrine control of homeostasis.

The role of the endocannabinoid system in the neuroendocrine regulation of energy balance.

Cannabinoid-mediated modulation of neuropathic pain and microglial accumulation in a model of murine type I diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain.

Biochemical and immunohistochemical changes in delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-treated type 2 diabetic rats.

Efficacy and Safety of Cannabidiol and Tetrahydrocannabivarin on Glycemic and Lipid Parameters in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Pilot Study.

Anticancer activity of anandamide in human cutaneous melanoma cells.

COX-2 and PPAR-γ confer cannabidiol-induced apoptosis of human lung cancer cells.

Cannabidiol inhibits growth and induces programmed cell death in kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-infected endothelium.

A comparative study on cannabidiol-induced apoptosis in murine thymocytes and EL-4 thymoma cells.

Endocannabinoids in endocrine and related tumours.

Induction of apoptosis by cannabinoids in prostate and colon cancer cells is phosphatase dependent.

Chemopreventive effect of the non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid cannabidiol on experimental colon cancer.

Pathways mediating the effects of cannabidiol on the reduction of breast cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis.

Cannabidiol induces programmed cell death in breast cancer cells by coordinating the cross-talk between apoptosis and autophagy.

Cannabidiolic acid-mediated selective down-regulation of c-fos in highly aggressive breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells: possible involvement of its down-regulation in the abrogation of aggressiveness.

TRPV2 activation induces apoptotic cell death in human T24 bladder cancer cells: a potential therapeutic target for bladder cancer.

Cannabidiol, a novel inverse agonist for GPR12.

Antitumorigenic targets of cannabinoids – current status and implications.

The influence of biomechanical properties and cannabinoids on tumor invasion.

Cannabidiol as potential anticancer drug

Cannabidiol and palmitoylethanolamide are anti-inflammatory in the acutely inflamed human colon.

The Inhibitory Effects of Cannabidiol on Systemic Malignant Tumors

The Inhibitory Effects of Cannabidiol on Systemic Malignant Tumors

Manipulation of the Endocannabinoid System in Colitis: A Comprehensive Review.

Endocannabinoids and the gastrointestinal tract.

Cannabidiol reduces intestinal inflammation through the control of neuroimmune axis.

Cannabis finds its way into treatment of Crohn’s disease.

Cannabidiol in inflammatory bowel diseases: a brief overview.

Activation of cannabinoid receptors prevents antigen-induced asthma-like reaction in guinea pigs.

The role of cannabinoids in inflammatory modulation of allergic respiratory disorders, inflammatory pain and ischemic stroke.

Towards the use of non-psychoactive cannabinoids for prostate cancer.

In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Plant-Derived Cannabidiol on Prostate Cancer Cell Lines

Cannabinoids in bipolar affective disorder: a review and discussion of their therapeutic potential.

Attenuation of early phase inflammation by cannabidiol prevents pain and nerve damage in rat osteoarthritis.

Involvement of the endocannabinoid system in osteoarthritis pain.

The potential use of cannabidiol in the therapy of metabolic syndrome

The safety and efficacy of 3% Cannabis seeds extract cream for reduction of human cheek skin sebum and erythema content.

Deficient adolescent social behavior following early-life inflammation is ameliorated by augmentation of anandamide signaling.

Cannabinoid receptor type 2, but not type 1, is up-regulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of children affected by autistic disorders.

Endocannabinoid Signaling in Autism

The therapeutic potential of the endocannabinoid system for Alzheimer’s disease.

Cannabidiol as an Intervention for Addictive Behaviors: A Systematic Review of the Evidence

Cannabidiol enhances anandamide signaling and alleviates psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia.

Cannabidiol, a Cannabis sativa constituent, as an antipsychotic drug.

Mitigation of post-traumatic stress symptoms by Cannabis resin: a review of the clinical and neurobiological evidence.

Reductions in circulating endocannabinoid levels in individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder following exposure to the World Trade Center attacks.

THE ENDOCANNABINOID SYSTEM PROVIDES AN AVENUE FOR EVIDENCE‐BASED TREATMENT DEVELOPMENT FOR PTSD

Antidepressant-like effect of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and other cannabinoids isolated from Cannabis sativa L.

Antidepressant-like and anxiolytic-like effects of cannabidiol: a chemical compound of Cannabis sativa.

Endocannabinoid system dysfunction in mood and related disorders.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Haemodynamic Effects of Cannabidiol.

Protein-thiol oxidation and cell death: regulatory role of glutaredoxins.

[SEEDi: Basic strategies for the primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease].

A single dose of cannabidiol reduces blood pressure in healthy volunteers in a randomized crossover study.

Is the cardiovascular system a therapeutic target for cannabidiol?

FAAH genetic variation enhances fronto-amygdala function in mouse and human

Anandamide reverses depressive-like behavior, neurochemical abnormalities and oxidative-stress parameters in streptozotocin-diabetic rats: Role of CB1 receptors.

A Genetic Component to National Differences in Happiness

Cannabinol delays symptom onset in SOD1 (G93A) transgenic mice without affecting survival.

TRPV2 is activated by cannabidiol and mediates CGRP release in cultured rat dorsal root ganglion neurons.

Antibacterial cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa: a structure-activity study.

Marijuana Research Findings: 1980

Cannabinoids inhibit human keratinocyte proliferation through a non-CB1/CB2 mechanism and have a potential therapeutic value in the treatment of psoriasis.

Effects of cannabinoids and cannabinoid-enriched Cannabis extracts on TRP channels and endocannabinoid metabolic enzymes.

Antidiabetic effects of sub-chronic administration of the cannabinoid receptor (CB1) antagonist, AM251, in obese diabetic (ob/ob) mice.

The cannabinoid Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) ameliorates insulin sensitivity in two mouse models of obesity

Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Clinical Efficacy of Cannabidiol Treatment in Osteoarthritic Dogs.

Modulation of the tumor microenvironment and inhibition of EGF/EGFR pathway: novel anti-tumor mechanisms of Cannabidiol in breast cancer.

Regulation of NF-kappaB function.

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor: A family of nuclear receptors role in various diseases

Targeting the endocannabinoid system: future therapeutic strategies

Cannabis, a complex plant: different compounds and different effects on individuals.

Cannabidiol for neurodegenerative disorders: important new clinical applications for this phytocannabinoid?

Pharmacological Evaluation of the Natural Constituent of Cannabis Sativa, Cannabichromene and its Modulation by Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol*

Effects of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabinol in man.

The GABAergic system contributes to the anxiolytic-like effect of essential oil from Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass)

GABAA receptor modulation by terpenoids from Sideritis extracts

Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oils Isolated from Thymbra capitata L. (Cav.) and Origanum vulgare L.

Anti-Metastatic and Anti-Tumor Growth Effects of Origanum majorana on Highly Metastatic Human Breast Cancer Cells: Inhibition of NFκB Signaling and Reduction of Nitric Oxide Production

Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids from Oregano: Occurrence, Biological Activity and Health Benefits.

Bioactive compounds from culinary herbs inhibit a molecular target for type 2 diabetes management, dipeptidyl peptidase IV.

Evaluation of the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of piperic acid: Involvement of the cholinergic and vanilloid systems.

New insights into the effects of onion consumption on lipid mediators using a diet-induced model of hypercholesterolemia

Garlic and onions: their effect on eicosanoid metabolism and its clinical relevance.

High-cholesterol diet enriched with onion affects endothelium-dependent relaxation and NADPH oxidase activity in mesenteric microvessels from Wistar rats

Bioactive compounds from vegtables

Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Five White Onion (Allium cepa L.) Landraces

Cannabidiol displays unexpectedly high potency as an antagonist of CB1 and CB2 receptor agonists in vitro

Cannabidiol–recent advances.

The antinociceptive effect of 2-chloro-2′-C-methyl-N6-cyclopentyladenosine (2′-Me-CCPA), a highly selective adenosine A1 receptor agonist, in the rat.

Tonic endovanilloid facilitation of glutamate release in brainstem descending antinociceptive pathways.

Elevation of endocannabinoid levels in the ventrolateral periaqueductal grey through inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase affects descending nociceptive pathways via both cannabinoid receptor type 1 and transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 receptors

Allosteric and orthosteric pharmacology of cannabidiol and cannabidiol-dimethylheptyl at the type 1 and type 2 cannabinoid receptors.

Binding and Signaling Studies Disclose a Potential Allosteric Site for Cannabidiol in Cannabinoid CB2 Receptors

Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid is a potent PPARγ agonist with neuroprotective activity.

Affinity and Efficacy Studies of Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid A at Cannabinoid Receptor Types One and Two.

Can You Pass the Acid Test? Critical Review and Novel Therapeutic Perspectives of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid A.

Quality Control of Traditional Cannabis Tinctures: Pattern, Markers, and Stability.

Patterns of medicinal cannabis use, strain analysis, and substitution effect among patients with migraine, headache, arthritis, and chronic pain in a medicinal cannabis cohort

An analgesia circuit activated by cannabinoids.

Interference with GABA transmission in the rostral ventromedial medulla: disinhibition of off-cells as a central mechanism in nociceptive modulation.

Evidence that an excitatory connection between the periaqueductal gray and nucleus raphe magnus mediates stimulation produced analgesia.

Non-psychoactive cannabinoids modulate the descending pathway of antinociception in anaesthetized rats through several mechanisms of action

The nonpsychotropic cannabinoid cannabidiol modulates and directly activates alpha-1 and alpha-1-Beta glycine receptor function.

Care and Feeding of the Endocannabinoid System: A Systematic Review of Potential Clinical Interventions that Upregulate the Endocannabinoid System

Cannabidiol reduces intestinal inflammation through the control of neuroimmune axis.

Clinical Endocannabinoid Deficiency Reconsidered: Current Research Supports the Theory in Migraine, Fibromyalgia, Irritable Bowel, and Other Treatment-Resistant Syndromes.

Cannabinoid actions at TRPV channels: effects on TRPV3 and TRPV4 and their potential relevance to gastrointestinal inflammation.

Cannabinoids and the gut: new developments and emerging concepts.

Cannabinoids and gastrointestinal motility: animal and human studies.

The Role of the Endocannabinoid System in the Brain-Gut Axis.

Cannabidiol in inflammatory bowel diseases: a brief overview.

Cannabinoids and GI Disorders: Endogenous and Exogenous.

Beneficial effect of the non-psychotropic plant cannabinoid cannabigerol on experimental inflammatory bowel disease

Learning and memory is modulated by cannabidiol when administered during trace fear-conditioning.p

Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome

Effect of Cannabidiol on Drop Seizures in the Lennox–Gastaut Syndrome

Cannabidiol for treatment of refractory childhood epilepsies: Experience from a single tertiary epilepsy center in Slovenia.

Cannabidiol in patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy: an open-label interventional trial.

Efficacy of CBD-enriched medical cannabis for treatment of refractory epilepsy in children and adolescents – An observational, longitudinal study.

The use of cannabidiol for seizure management in patients with brain tumor-related epilepsy

Cannabinoids and Epilepsy

Protective Effects of Cannabidiol against Seizures and Neuronal Death in a Rat Model of Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Aldehyde levels in e-cigarette aerosol: Findings from a replication study and from use of a new-generation device

E-cigarettes emit very high formaldehyde levels only in conditions that are aversive to users: A replication study under verified realistic use conditions

Effect of cannabidiol on sepsis-induced motility disturbances in mice: involvement of CB receptors and fatty acid amide hydrolase.

Plant-derived cannabinoids modulate the activity of transient receptor potential channels of ankyrin type-1 and melastatin type-8.

Antitumor activity of plant cannabinoids with emphasis on the effect of cannabidiol on human breast carcinoma.

The psychoactive plant cannabinoid, Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, is antagonized by Delta8- and Delta9-tetrahydrocannabivarin in mice in vivo.

Synthetic and plant-derived cannabinoid receptor antagonists show hypophagic properties in fasted and non-fasted mice.

Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabinol activate capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves via a CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptor-independent mechanism.

Neuroprotection and reduction of glial reaction by cannabidiol treatment after sciatic nerve transection in neonatal rats.

Cannabidiol protects retinal neurons by preserving glutamine synthetase activity in diabetes.

Hyperglycemia induces apoptosis via CB1 activation through the decrease of FAAH 1 in retinal pigment epithelial cells.

The endocannabinoid system in obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Δ8-Tetrahydrocannabivarin prevents hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion injury by decreasing oxidative stress and inflammatory responses through cannabinoid CB2 receptors.

Are cannabidiol and Δ(9) -tetrahydrocannabivarin negative modulators of the endocannabinoid system? A systematic review.

The plant cannabinoid Delta9-tetrahydrocannabivarin can decrease signs of inflammation and inflammatory pain in mice.

Cannabidiol as an emergent therapeutic strategy for lessening the impact of inflammation on oxidative stress.

Cannabidiol attenuates cardiac dysfunction, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and inflammatory and cell death signaling pathways in diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Cannabidiol arrests onset of autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice.

Neuroprotective and blood-retinal barrier-preserving effects of cannabidiol in experimental diabetes.

Cannabidiol lowers incidence of diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice.

Programming of neural cells by (endo)cannabinoids: from physiological rules to emerging therapies.

The endocannabinoid 2-AG controls skeletal muscle cell differentiation via CB1 receptor-dependent inhibition of Kv7 channels.

Endocannabinoid signaling at the periphery: 50 years after THC.

Cannabinoid Signaling and Neuroinflammatory Diseases: A Melting pot for the Regulation of Brain Immune Responses.

Turning Over a New Leaf: Cannabinoid and Endocannabinoid Modulation of Immune Function

Cannabidiol, a Major Non-Psychotropic Cannabis Constituent Enhances Fracture Healing and Stimulates Lysyl Hydroxylase Activity in Osteoblasts.

High Times for Painful Blues: The Endocannabinoid System in Pain-Depression Comorbidity.

Cannabinoid-based drugs targeting CB1 and TRPV1, the sympathetic nervous system, and arthritis.

Early phytocannabinoid chemistry to endocannabinoids and beyond.

Inhibiting the breakdown of endogenous opioids and cannabinoids to alleviate pain.

A catalytically silent FAAH-1 variant drives anandamide transport in neurons.

DAGLβ inhibition perturbs a lipid network involved in macrophage inflammatory responses.

Discovery of prostamide F2α and its role in inflammatory pain and dorsal horn nociceptive neuron hyperexcitability.

Endocannabinoid oxygenation by cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, and cytochromes P450: cross-talk between the eicosanoid and endocannabinoid signaling pathways.

Therapeutic potential of monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitors.

Convergent translational evidence of a role for anandamide in amygdala-mediated fear extinction, threat processing and stress-reactivity.

Inhibitors of endocannabinoid breakdown for pain: not so FA(AH)cile, after all.

Cannabinoids mediate analgesia largely via peripheral type 1 cannabinoid receptors in nociceptors.

Anandamide suppresses pain initiation through a peripheral endocannabinoid mechanism.

Inhibiting the breakdown of endogenous opioids and cannabinoids to alleviate pain.

Spinal anandamide produces analgesia in neuropathic rats: possible CB(1)- and TRPV1-mediated mechanisms.

Modulation of anxiety through blockade of anandamide hydrolysis.

Therapeutic opportunities through modulation of the endocannabinoid system.

Cloning and pharmacological characterization of the dog cannabinoid CB₂receptor.

Targeting CB2 receptors and the endocannabinoid system for the treatment of pain.

Endocannabinoid system modulation in cancer biology and therapy.

Targeting the endocannabinoid system for the treatment of cancer–a practical view.

Cannabinoids and the skeleton: from marijuana to reversal of bone loss.

The endocannabinoid system as a target for the treatment of motor dysfunction.

Cannabinoid CB2 receptor: a new target for controlling neural cell survival?

The endocannabinoid system in targeting inflammatory neurodegenerative diseases.

CB2 receptors as new therapeutic targets for liver diseases.

Cannabinoids in intestinal inflammation and cancer.

Cannabinoids and the gut: new developments and emerging concepts.

Endocannabinoids and cannabinoid receptors in ischaemia-reperfusion injury and preconditioning.

Endocannabinoids: friends and foes of reproduction.

Monoacylglycerol lipase controls endocannabinoid and eicosanoid signaling and hepatic injury in mice.

Identification and functional characterization of brainstem cannabinoid CB2 receptors.

Cannabinoid CB2 receptors in the gastrointestinal tract: a regulatory system in states of inflammation.

Endocannabinoids and liver disease. I. Endocannabinoids and their receptors in the liver.

Cannabinoid type 2 receptor as a target for chronic – pain.

CB2 receptor-mediated migration of immune cells: it can go either way.

Functional selectivity in CB(2) cannabinoid receptor signaling and regulation: implications for the therapeutic potential of CB(2) ligands.

Anandamide suppresses proliferation and cytokine release from primary human T-lymphocytes mainly via CB2 receptors.

The cannabinoid system and immune modulation.

The case for peripheral CB₁ receptor blockade in the treatment of visceral obesity and its cardiometabolic complications.

CB1 antagonists for obesity–what lessons have we learned from rimonabant?

Cannabinoids as pharmacotherapies for neuropathic pain: From the bench to the bedside

Cannabinoid administration attenuates the progression of simian immunodeficiency virus.

Peripheral cannabinoid-1 receptor inverse agonism reduces obesity by reversing leptin resistance.

Towards the use of cannabinoids as antitumour agents.

Non-psychotropic plant cannabinoids: new therapeutic opportunities from an ancient herb.

Cannabidiol in humans-the quest for therapeutic targets.

Is lipid signaling through cannabinoid 2 receptors part of a protective system?

Targeting CB2 receptors and the endocannabinoid system for the treatment of pain

Surinabant, a selective cannabinoid receptor type 1 antagonist, inhibits Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced central nervous system and heart rate effects in humans.

Modulation of the endocannabinoid system: neuroprotection or neurotoxicity?

Targeting cannabinoid receptor CB(2) in cardiovascular disorders: promises and controversies.

The endocannabinoid system and plant-derived cannabinoids in diabetes and diabetic complications.

Modulating the endocannabinoid system in human health and disease–successes and failures.

Compromised External Validity: Federally Produced Cannabis Does Not Reflect Legal Markets

Monoglyceride lipase as a drug target: At the crossroads of arachidonic acid metabolism and endocannabinoid signaling.

β-Caryophyllene, a CB2 receptor agonist produces multiple behavioral changes relevant to anxiety and depression in mice.

Involvement of the opioid system in the anxiolytic-like effects induced by Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol.

Low dose oral cannabinoid therapy reduces progression of atherosclerosis in mice.

Anti-inflammatory activity of topical THC in DNFB-mediated mouse allergic contact dermatitis independent of CB1 and CB2 receptors.

Transdermal delivery of tetrahydrocannabinol

Identification and quantification of cannabinoids in Cannabis sativa L. plants by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

Sequence heterogeneity of cannabidiolic- and tetrahydrocannabinolic acid-synthase in Cannabis sativa L. and its relationship with chemical phenotype.

Prenatal exposure to cannabinoids evokes long-lasting functional alterations by targeting CB1 receptors on developing cortical neurons.

Cannabis-Related Working Memory Deficits and Associated Subcortical Morphological Differences in Healthy Individuals and Schizophrenia Subjects

Marijuana as a Gateway Drug: The Myth That Will Not Die

β-Caryophyllene, a CB2 receptor agonist produces multiple behavioral changes relevant to anxiety and depression in mice

Study: Cannabidiol (CBD) May Help Treat Social Anxiety Disorder Neural basis of anxiolytic effects of cannabidiol (CBD) in generalized social anxiety disorder: a preliminary report.

Cannabis: A Treatment For Autism – Good Morning America

An Overview of the Endogenous Cannabinoid System Its Components and Possible Roles of this Recently Discovered Regulatory System

Therapeutic Action of Cannabinoids in a Murine Model of Multiple Sclerosis

Daily Marijuana Use Is Not Associated with Brain Morphometric Measures in Adolescents or Adults

The Endocannabinoid System Promotes Astroglial Differentiation by Acting on Neural Progenitor Cells

N-arachidonoyl-L-serine (AraS) possesses proneurogenic properties in vitro and in vivo after traumatic brain injury

Retrograde signaling in the regulation of synaptic transmission: focus on endocannabinoids.

Loss of striatal type 1 cannabinoid receptors is a key pathogenic factor in Huntington’s disease

A role for monoglyceride lipase in 2-arachidonoylglycerol inactivation

Changes in Cerebral CB1 Receptor Availability after Acute and Chronic Alcohol Abuse and Monitored Abstinence

Marijuana compound may offer treatment for Alzheimer’s disease, USF preclinical study finds

Blocking brain’s ‘internal marijuana’ may trigger early Alzheimer’s deficits, study shows

Protective effects of cannabidiol against hippocampal cell death and cognitive impairment induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in mice.

Cannabidiol administration after hypoxia-ischemia to newborn rats reduces long-term brain injury and restores neurobehavioral function.

Cannabidiol prevents infarction via the non-CB1 cannabinoid receptor mechanism.

Cannabis, Cannabinoids, and Cerebral Metabolism: Potential Applications in Stroke and Disorders of the Central Nervous System.

Acute and Short-term Effects of CBD on Cue-induced Craving in Drug-abstinent Heroin-dependent Humans

Cannabidiol and Cocaine Craving/Dependence (CBD)

Impacts of Changing Marijuana Policies on Alcohol Use in the United States.

Medical marijuana programs — Why might they matter for public health and why should we better understand their impacts?

Early Phase in the Development of Cannabidiol as a Treatment for Addiction: Opioid Relapse Takes Initial Center Stage.

Cannabidiol reduces cigarette consumption in tobacco smokers: preliminary findings.

The endocannabinoid system in brain reward processes

A Phase IV Trial of Cesamet™ Given With Standard Antiemetic Therapy for Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting

Antitumor Activity of Plant Cannabinoids with Emphasis on the Effect of Cannabidiol on Human Breast Carcinoma

Modulation of breast cancer cell viability by a cannabinoid receptor 2 agonist, JWH-015, is calcium dependent

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Cannabinoids

First paper proving cannabinoid receptors in brain tissue

Cannabinoids ameliorate impairments induced by chronic stress to synaptic plasticity and short-term memory

Medical Marijuana: Clearing Away the Smoke

60 Peer-Reviewed Studies on Medical Marijuana

Attenuation of Allergic Contact Dermatitis Through the Endocannabinoid System

Association Between Marijuana Exposure and Pulmonary Function Over 20 Years

Regulation of bone mass, bone loss and osteoclast activity by cannabinoid receptors.

Cannabinoids selectively inhibit proliferation and induce death of cultured human glioblastoma multiforme cells.

Endocannabinoids and their implications for epilepsy.

Chronic cannabidiol treatment improves social and object recognition in double transgenic APPswe/PS1∆E9 mice

Cannabidiol protects an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier from oxygen-glucose deprivation via PPARγ and 5-HT1A receptors.

Cannabidiol, a nonpsychoactive Cannabis constituent, protects against myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury

Cannabinoid receptor activation leads to massive mobilization of myeloid-derived suppressor cells with potent immunosuppressive properties

Substituting cannabis for prescription drugs, alcohol and other substances among medical cannabis patients: The impact of contextual factors.

Cannabidiol Counteracts Amphetamine-Induced Neuronal and Behavioral Sensitization of the Mesolimbic Dopamine Pathway through a Novel mTOR/p70S6 Kinase Signaling Pathway.

Cannabinoids: a new hope for breast cancer therapy?

Selective, Nontoxic CB2 Cannabinoid o-Quinone with in Vivo Activity against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Central anandamide deficiency predicts stress-induced anxiety: behavioral reversal through endocannabinoid augmentation

A puff of logic: Correlation is not necessarily causation

Cannabis use and risk of psychotic or affective mental health outcomes: a systematic review.

Cannabinoids ameliorate impairments induced by chronic stress to synaptic plasticity and short-term memory.

Action of cannabidiol on the anxiety and other effects produced by delta 9-THC in normal subjects.

Prescribing smoked cannabis for chronic noncancer pain

Tolerance to the cardiovascular effects of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in the rat.

Cannabinoid hyperemesis: cyclical hyperemesis in association with chronic cannabis abuse

Brain monoglyceride lipase participating in endocannabinoid inactivation

Role of the cannabinoid system in the transit of beta-amyloid across the blood–brain barrier

Neuroprotective effect of cannabidiol, a non-psychoactive component from Cannabis sativa, on beta-amyloid-induced toxicity in PC12 cells.

Repeated treatment with cannabidiol but not Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol has a neuroprotective effect without the development of tolerance.

Cannabidiol as an Emergent Therapeutic Strategy for Lessening the Impact of Inflammation on Oxidative Stress

Study to Test the Safety and Efficacy of Cannabidiol as a Treatment Intervention for Opioid Relapse

Safety and pharmacokinetics of oral cannabidiol when administered concomitantly with intravenous fentanyl in humans

Cannabidiol Rescues Acute Hepatic Toxicity and Seizure Induced by Cocaine

The endogenous cannabinoid anandamide inhibits human breast cancer cell proliferation

The Health Effects of Cannabis

Cannabis decreases Opiate use in chronic pain patients

CBD attenuates nausea in rodents

Paper proving Agonistic Properties of Cannabidiol at 5-HT1a Receptors

Cannabinoid Dose and Label Accuracy in Edible Medical Cannabis Products

Adjuvant topical therapy with a cannabinoid receptor agonist in facial postherpetic neuralgia.

Inhibition of an equilibrative nucleoside transporter by cannabidiol: a mechanism of cannabinoid immunosuppression.

A tale of two cannabinoids: the therapeutic rationale for combining tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol.

Cannabinoids as antioxidants and neuroprotectants US 6630507 B1

Preliminary efficacy and safety of an oromucosal standardized cannabis extract in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

Cannabidiol and (−)Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol are neuroprotective antioxidants

Therapeutic Potential of Cannabinoids in Psychosis.

The role of cannabinoids in adult neurogenesis.

Endocannabinoid Signaling Regulates Sleep Stability.

Safety and side effects of cannabidiol, a Cannabis sativa constituent.

Intranodose ganglion injections of dronabinol attenuate serotonin-induced apnea in Sprague-Dawley rat.

Endocannabinoid modulation of cortical up-states and NREM sleep.

Cannabidiol, a constituent of Cannabis sativa, modulates sleep in rats.

Effect of Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol on nocturnal sleep and early-morning behavior in young adults.

Effects of acute systemic administration of cannabidiol on sleep-wake cycle in rats.

Cannabis, pain, and sleep: lessons from therapeutic clinical trials of Sativex, a cannabis-based medicine.

Attenuation of allergic contact dermatitis through the endocannabinoid system.

The nonpsychoactive Cannabis constituent cannabidiol is a wake-inducing agent.

Cannabinoids in the management of difficult to treat pain

Clinical studies on the interaction of psychopharmacologic agents with marihuana.

The endogenous cannabinoid system regulates seizure frequency and duration in a model of temporal lobe epilepsy.

Cannabidiol interferes with the effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in man

Action of cannabidiol on the anxiety and other effects produced by delta 9-THC in normal subjects.

Cannabidiol induces rapid-acting antidepressant-like effects and enhances cortical 5-HT/glutamate neurotransmission: role of 5-HT1A receptors.

Cannabidiol: an overview of some chemical and pharmacological aspects. Part I: chemical aspects.

Cannabidiol Reduces the Anxiety Induced by Simulated Public Speaking in Treatment-Naïve Social Phobia Patients

The current status of artisanal cannabis for the treatment of epilepsy in the United States

Hidden Formaldehyde in E-Cigarette Aerosols

Cannabinoid-opioid interaction in chronic pain.

The Cannabis sativa Versus Cannabis indica Debate: An Interview with Ethan Russo, MD

Systematic review: efficacy and safety of medical marijuana in selected neurologic disorders: report of the Guideline Development Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology.

A Multiple-Dose, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group QT/QTc Study to Evaluate the Electrophysiologic Effects of THC/CBD Spray.

Cannabinoids for the pharmaceutical industry

A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group study of THC/CBD spray in peripheral neuropathic pain treatment.

Formation of formaldehyde in polyethyleneglycol and in poloxamer under stress conditions

Cannabis oil: Chemical evaluation of an upcoming cannabis- based medicine

Sources of Propylene Glycol and Glycol Ethers in Air at Home

Hemp Diseases and Pests Management

Understanding dabs: contamination concerns of cannabis concentrates and cannabinoid transfer during the act of dabbing.

Current Therapeutic Cannabis Controversies and Clinical Trial Design Issues

The search for the palmitoylethanolamide receptor.

Distribution of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and 2 (CB2) on sensory nerve fibers and adnexal structures in human skin

Adelmidrol increases the endogenous concentrations of palmitoylethanolamide in canine keratinocytes and down-regulates an inflammatory reaction in an in vitro model of contact allergic dermatitis.

Cannabinoids reduce hyperalgesia and inflammation via interaction with peripheral CB1 receptors.

Variations in Terpene Profiles of Different Strains of Cannabis sativa L

The effect of a minor constituent of essential oil from Citrus aurantium: The role of β-myrcene in preventing peptic ulcer disease

Taming THC: potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects

Anti-tumor effect of α-pinene on human hepatoma cell lines through inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest

Cannabis, pain, and sleep: lessons from therapeutic clinical trials of Sativex, a cannabis-based medicine.

Cannabinoids: a real prospect for pain relief

Role of the Cannabinoid System in Pain Control and Therapeutic Implications for the Management of Acute and Chronic Pain Episodes

Activation of CB2 cannabinoid receptors by AM1241 inhibits experimental neuropathic pain: Pain inhibition by receptors not present in the CNS

Cannabinoid receptors and pain.

CB2 cannabinoid receptor-mediated peripheral antinociception.

Preliminary assessment of the efficacy, tolerability and safety of a cannabis-based medicine (Sativex) in the treatment of pain caused by rheumatoid arthritis.

Preliminary efficacy andsafety of an oromucosalstandardized cannabisextract inchemotherapy-inducednausea and vomiting

Multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of THC:CBD extract and THC extract in patients with intractable cancer-related pain.

Smoked Medicinal Cannabis for Neuropathic Pain in HIV: A Randomized, Crossover Clinical Trial

Smoked cannabis for chronic neuropathic pain: a randomized controlled trial.

Nabilone for the Treatment of Pain in Fibromyalgia

Are cannabinoids a new treatment option for pain in patients with fibromyalgia?

Safety and Efficacy of Medical Cannabis Oil for Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: An-Open Label, Add-On, Pilot Study.

Pharmacological Actions of Cannabinoids

An open-label pilot study of cannabis-based extracts for bladder dysfunction in advanced multiple sclerosis.

Cannabis and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Hypothetical and Practical Applications, and a Call for Clinical Trials

Open label evaluation of cannabidiol in dystonic movement disorders.

Randomized controlled trial of cannabis-based medicine in spasticity caused by multiple sclerosis

Homeostatic changes of the endocannabinoid system in Parkinson’s disease†

Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Signaling in Neurodegenerative Disorders: From Pathogenesis to a Promising Therapeutic Target

Cannabis (medical marijuana) treatment for motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson disease: an open-label observational study.

Cannabinoids therapeutic use: what is our current understanding following the introduction of THC, THC:CBD oromucosal spray and others?

Cannabis for dyskinesia in Parkinson disease: a randomized double-blind crossover study.

Effect of illicit recreational drugs upon sleep: cocaine, ecstasy and marijuana.

Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology by Cannabinoids: Neuroprotection Mediated by Blockade of Microglial Activation

Cannabinoids and hamster circadian activity rhythms

A Molecular Link Between the Active Component of Marijuana and Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology

Endocannabinoid signalling: has it got rhythm?

(−)δ9 THC as an hypnotic An experimental study of three dose levels

Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and synhexl: Effects on human sleep patterns Authors

Effects of high dosage delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on sleep patterns in man.

Subjective and behavioral effects of marijuana the morning after smoking.

The effects of marijuana on human sleep patterns.

The effect of chronically administered delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol upon the polygraphically monitored sleep of normal volunteers.

Cannabis, Cannabinoids, and Sleep: a Review of the Literature.

Cannabidiol inhibits human glioma cell migration through a cannabinoid receptor-independent mechanism

Cannabis Withdrawal Symptoms in Non-Treatment-Seeking Adult Cannabis Smokers

Pharmacology 1980;21:175–185 (DOI:10.1159/000137430) Chronic Administration of Cannabidiol to Healthy Volunteers and Epileptic Patients

Marijuana use patterns and sleep among community-based young adults

Predominant CB2 receptor expression in endothelial cells of glioblastoma in humans.

Cannabinoid receptor systems: therapeutic targets for tumour intervention.

The expression level of CB1 and CB2 receptors determines their efficacy at inducing apoptosis in astrocytomas.

In vivo effects of cannabinoids on macromolecular biosynthesis in Lewis lung carcinomas.

Cannabinoids and gliomas.

Involvement of cannabinoids in cellular proliferation.

Hypothesis: cannabinoid therapy for the treatment of gliomas?

Cannabinoids induce apoptosis of pancreatic tumor cells via endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes.

Anti-tumoral action of cannabinoids: involvement of sustained ceramide accumulation and extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation.

The CB2 cannabinoid receptor signals apoptosis via ceramide-dependent activation of the mitochondrial intrinsic pathway.

Opposite changes in cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptor expression in human gliomas.

The stress-regulated protein p8 mediates cannabinoid-induced apoptosis of tumor cells.

Cannabinoid receptors in human astroglial tumors.

Endocannabinoids as emerging suppressors of angiogenesis and tumor invasion (review).

Down-regulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 in gliomas: a new marker of cannabinoid antitumoral activity?

Antitumor effects of cannabidiol, a nonpsychoactive cannabinoid, on human glioma cell lines.

Cannabinoid receptors as novel targets for the treatment of melanoma.

Estrogenic induction of cannabinoid CB1 receptor in human colon cancer cell lines.

Cannabinoid receptor activation induces apoptosis through tumor necrosis factor alpha-mediated ceramide de novo synthesis in colon cancer cells.

Anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of anandamide in human prostatic cancer cell lines: implication of epidermal growth factor receptor down-regulation and ceramide production.

Non-THC cannabinoids inhibit prostate carcinoma growth in vitro and in vivo: pro-apoptotic effects and underlying mechanisms.

The role of cannabinoids in prostate cancer: Basic science perspective and potential clinical applications

Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol induces apoptosis in human prostate PC-3 cells via a receptor-independent mechanism.

Inhibition of human tumour prostate PC-3 cell growth by cannabinoids R(+)-Methanandamide and JWH-015: involvement of CB2.

Cannabidiol inhibits lung cancer cell invasion and metastasis via intercellular adhesion molecule-1

Cannabinoids increase lung cancer cell lysis by lymphokine-activated killer cells via upregulation of ICAM-1.

Cannabinoids inhibit cellular respiration of human oral cancer cells.

Cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, as novel targets for inhibition of non-small cell lung cancer growth and metastasis.

Targeting CB2 cannabinoid receptors as a novel therapy to treat malignant lymphoblastic disease.

Inhibition of skin tumor growth and angiogenesis in vivo by activation of cannabinoid receptors

Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced apoptosis in Jurkat leukemia T cells is regulated by translocation of Bad to mitochondria.

The endocannabinoid system of the skin in health and disease: novel perspectives and therapeutic opportunities.

Clinical endocannabinoid deficiency (CECD): can this concept explain therapeutic benefits of cannabis in migraine, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome and other treatment-resistant conditions?

History of cannabis and its preparations in saga, science, and sobriquet.

The stability of cannabis and its preparations on storage.

Marijuana and Health

GW Pharma Resource Pages

Variations in the cannabinoid receptor 1 gene predispose to migraine.

Effects of anandamide in migraine: data from an animal model.

The endocannabinoid system and migraine.

Cannabinoids and hallucinogens for headache.

Tasty THC: Promises and Challenges of Cannabis Edibles

Reviews Abuse potential and psychoactive effects of δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol oromucosal spray (Sativex), a new cannabinoid medicine

The role of cannabinoids in dermatology

Cannabidiol–antiepileptic drug comparisons and interactions in experimentally induced seizures in rats.

Anti-inflammatory cannabinoids in diet: Towards a better understanding of CB(2) receptor action?

Cannabidiol exerts sebostatic and antiinflammatory effects on human sebocytes

Myrcene mimics the peripheral analgesic activity of lemongrass tea.

The nonpsychoactive cannabis constituent cannabidiol is an oral anti-arthritic therapeutic in murine collagen-induced arthritis.

Effects of citrus fragrance on immune function and depressive states.

Cannabinoids in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A randomised-controlled trial.

Anticancer effects of phytocannabinoids used with chemotherapy in leukaemia cells can be improved by altering the sequence of their administration

Endocannabinoids enhance lipid synthesis and apoptosis of human sebocytes via cannabinoid receptor-2-mediated signaling.

Counseling Parents and Teens About Marijuana Use in the Era of Legalization of Marijuana

Selective activation of cannabinoid CB(2) receptors suppresses spinal fos protein expression and pain behavior in a rat model of inflammation.

Adverse Health Effects of Marijuana Use

Rapid Changes in CB1 Receptor Availability in Cannabis Dependent Males after Abstinence from Cannabis.

The Economic Costs of Pain in the United States

Neurological aspects of medical use of cannabidiol.

Cannabinoids in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: beyond prevention of acute emesis.

Medical Cannabis Laws and Opioid Analgesic Overdose Mortality in the United States, 1999-2010

Cannabis use for chronic non-cancer pain: results of a prospective survey.

Effects of cannabidiol in the treatment of patients with Parkinson’s disease: an exploratory double-blind trial.

An Analysis of Applicants Presenting to a Medical Marijuana Specialty Practice in California

Endocannabinoid Signaling, Glucocorticoid-Mediated Negative Feedback and Regulation of the HPA Axis

Molecular targets for cannabidiol and its synthetic analogues: effect on vanilloid VR1 receptors and on the cellular uptake and enzymatic hydrolysis of anandamide

Functional characteristics of the midbrain periaqueductal gray.

Cannabidiol is a negative allosteric modulator of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor.

Endocannabinoid signaling, glucocorticoid-mediated negative feedback, and regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

Low dose combination of morphine and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol circumvents antinociceptive tolerance and apparent desensitization of receptors

Cannabinoid receptors and pain

An endocannabinoid mechanism for stress-induced analgesia.

An entourage effect: inactive endogenous fatty acid glycerol esters enhance 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol cannabinoid activity.

International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXIX. Cannabinoid Receptors and Their Ligands: Beyond CB1 and CB2

Cannabinoid receptor signaling.

Endocannabinoids modulate N-type calcium channels and G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channels via CB1 cannabinoid receptors heterologously expressed in mammalian neurons.

The diverse CB1 and CB2 receptor pharmacology of three plant cannabinoids: Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin

Pharmacology of cannabinoid receptor ligands.

The neurobiology and evolution of cannabinoid signalling.

Cannabinoids Inhibit N- and P/Q-Type Calcium Channels in Cultured Rat Hippocampal Neurons

Cellular signal transduction by anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol

G protein modulation of voltage-gated calcium channels.

Pain modulation by release of the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide

Supraspinal modulation of pain by cannabinoids: the role of GABA and glutamate

The Neurobiology of Cannabinoid Analgesia

Analgesia from electrical stimulation in the brainstem of the rat.

Spinal and Peripheral mechanisms of cannabinoid antinociception

Pain modulation by release of the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide

Endocannabinoid mechanisms of pain modulation.

An examination of the central sites of action of cannabinoid-induced antinociception in the rat

Complex pharmacology of natural cannabinoids: evidence for partial agonist activity of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and antagonist activity of cannabidiol on rat brain cannabinoid receptors.

Hypnotic and antiepileptic effects of cannabidiol.

Localization of central cannabinoid CB1 receptor messenger RNA in neuronal subpopulations of rat dorsal root ganglia: a double-label in situ hybridization study.

Evaluation of binding in a transfected cell line expressing a peripheral cannabinoid receptor (CB2): identification of cannabinoid receptor subtype selective ligands.

CB2 cannabinoid receptor mediation of antinociception.

Inhibition of guinea-pig and human sensory nerve activity and the cough reflex in guinea-pigs by cannabinoid (CB2) receptor activation

Effect of cannabidiol pretreatment on the kinetics of tetrahydrocannabinol metabolites in mouse brain.

Cannabinoid-based drugs as anti-inflammatory therapeutics.

Peripheral nerve injury induces cannabinoid receptor 2 protein expression in rat sensory neurons.

Effects of cannabinoid receptor agonists on neuronally-evoked contractions of urinary bladder tissues isolated from rat, mouse, pig, dog, monkey and human.

Evidence for a novel functional role of cannabinoid CB2 receptors in the thalamus of neuropathic rats

Cerebral hypoxia-ischemia and middle cerebral artery occlusion induce expression of the cannabinoid CB2 receptor in the brain.

Cannabinoid receptor 2 is upregulated in melanoma

Cannabinoid type 2 receptor as a target for chronic – pain.

Cannabinoid CB2 receptor activation inhibits mechanically evoked responses of wide dynamic range dorsal horn neurons in naïve rats and in rat models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain

CB2 receptor-mediated antihyperalgesia: possible direct involvement of neural mechanisms.

Attenuation of nerve growth factor-induced visceral hyperalgesia via cannabinoid CB(1) and CB(2)-like receptors.

The role of the cannabinoid CB2 receptor in pain transmission and therapeutic potential of small molecule CB2 receptor agonists.

CB2 cannabinoid receptor activation produces antinociception by stimulating peripheral release of endogenous opioids.

CB2 cannabinoid receptor agonists: pain relief without psychoactive effects?

CB1 and CB2 receptor agonists promote analgesia through synergy in a murine model of tumor pain

Cannabinoid CB2 receptor-mediated anti-nociception in models of acute and chronic pain.

Spinal and peripheral analgesic effects of the CB2 cannabinoid receptor agonist AM1241 in two models of bone cancer-induced pain

Central and peripheral sites of action for CB2 receptor mediated analgesic activity in chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain models in rats

Anxiolytic effect of cannabidiol derivatives in the elevated plus-maze.

Prostaglandins and cannabis XIV. Tolerance to the stimulatory actions of cannabinoids on arachidonate metabolism.

Cannabidiol and (-)Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol are neuroprotective antioxidants.

The cloned capsaicin receptor integrates multiple pain-producing stimuli.

Inhibition of anandamide amidase activity in mouse brain microsomes by cannabinoids.

Cannabimimetic fatty acid derivatives in cancer and inflammation.

Cannabinoid-based drugs targeting CB1 and TRPV1, the sympathetic nervous system, and arthritis.

Immunoactive cannabinoids: Therapeutic prospects for marijuana constituents

Toxicity of short-term administration of cannabinoids to rhesus monkeys

Marijuana use and increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

Cannabis, pain, and sleep: lessons from therapeutic clinical trials of Sativex, a cannabis-based medicine.

Vanilloid TRPV1 receptor mediates the antihyperalgesic effect of the nonpsychoactive cannabinoid, cannabidiol, in a rat model of acute inflammation.

Non-psychoactive cannabinoids modulate the descending pathway of antinociception in anaesthetized rats through several mechanisms of action.

Molecular targets for cannabidiol and its synthetic analogues: effect on vanilloid VR1 receptors and on the cellular uptake and enzymatic hydrolysis of anandamide.

A novel cannabinoid peripheral cannabinoid receptor-selective inverse agonist blocks leukocyte recruitment in vivo.

Potential Therapeutical Contributions of the Endocannabinoid System towards Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease

Effectiveness of Cannabidiol Oil for Pediatric Anxiety and Insomnia as Part of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Case Report

A chronic low dose of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) restores cognitive function in old mice